Hybrid life cycle assessment of potato pulp valorisation in biocomposite production

Biocomposites with by-products of agro-industrial feedstock are raising industrial interest. Potato pulp, as residue of the starch industry, can be valorised in polylactide (PLA) or polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) systems to replace the biomass feedstock for biocomposite production. In this study, biocomposites with up to 20% by weight of potato pulp were successfully produced on industrial scale and proposed for application in pots and rigid packaging. In order to evaluate and optimize the sustainability of biocomposite supply chain, a hybrid life cycle assessment model was developed to evaluate the economic, social and environmental impacts of potato pulp valorisation in the biocomposite supply chains. The results suggested potato pulp valorisation can bring positive social-economic impacts with adverse environmental effect to both PLA and PHA biocomposite supply chains. Improving the thermal energy used in drying potato pulp has potential to achieve positive performance in GHG reduction, especially for PLA based biocomposite supply chain. Given potato pulp valorisation has other benefits, such as reduce agricultural waste and improve biodegradability. Valorising potato pulp in PLA based biocomposite supply chain can potentially facilitate the transition to a sustainable bioeconomy. It deserves further research and support from financial and political aspects.