The on-orbit calibration of the Fermi Large Area Telescope RID G-1145-2010 RID G-6769-2011 RID A-5582-2009 RID D-9467-2011

Abdo, Aa; Ackermann, M; Ajello, M; Ampe, J; Anderson, B; Atwood, Wb; Axelsson, M; Bagagli, R; Baldini, Luca; Ballet, J; Barbiellini, G; Bartelt, J; Bastieri, D; Baughman, Bm; Bechtol, K; Bederede, D; Bellardi, F; Bellazzini, R; Belli, F; Berenji, B; Bisello, D; Bissaldi, E; Bloom, Ed; Bogaert, G; Bogart, Jr; Bonamente, E; Borgland, Aw; Bourgeois, P; Bouvier, A; Bregeon, J; Brez, A; Brigida, M; Bruel, P; Burnett, Th; Busetto, G; Caliandro, Ga; Cameron, Ra; Campell, M; Caraveo, Pa; Carius, S; Carlson, P; Casandjian, Jm; Cavazzuti, E; Ceccanti, M; Cecchi, C; Charles, E; Chekhtman, A; Cheung, Cc; Chiang, J; Chipaux, R; Cillis, An; Ciprini, S; Claus, R; Cohen Tanugi, J; Condamoor, S; Conrad, J; Corbet, R; Cutini, S; Davis, Ds; Deklotz, M; Dermer, Cd; de Angelis, A; de Palma, F; Digel, Sw; Dizon, P; Dormody, M; Ede, Silva; Drell, Ps; Dubois, R; Dumora, D; Edmonds, Y; Fabiani, D; Farnier, C; Favuzzi, C; Ferrara, Ec; Ferreira, O; Fewtrell, Z; Flath, Dl; Fleury, P; Focke, Wb; Fouts, K; Frailis, M; Freytag, D; Fukazawa, Y; Funk, S; Fusco, P; Garganov, F; Gasparrini, D; Gehrelscao, N; Germani, S; Giebels, B; Giglietto, N; Giordano, F; Glanzman, T; Godfrey, G; Goodman, J; Grenier, Ia; Grondin, Mh; Grove, Je; Guillemot, L; Guiriec, S; Hakimi, M; Haller, G; Hanabata, Y; Hart, Pa; Hascall, P; Hays, E; Huffer, M; Hughes, Re; Johannesson, G; Johnson, As; Johnson, Rp; Johnson, Tj; Johnson, Wn; Kamae, T; Katagiri, H; Kataoka, J; Kavelaars, A; Kelly, H; Kerr, M; Klamra, W; Knodlseder, J; Kocian, Ml; Kuehn, F; Kuss, M; Latronico, L; Lavalley, C; Leas, B; Lee, B; Lee, Sh; Lemoine Goumard, M; Longo, F; Loparco, F; Lott, B; Lovellette, Mn; Lubrano, P; Lung, Dk; Madejski, Gm; Makeev, A; Marangelli, B; Marchetti, M; Massai, MARCO MARIA; May, D; Mazzenga, G; Mazziotta, Mn; Mcenery, Je; Mcglynn, S; Meurer, C; Michelson, Pf; Minuti, M; Mirizzi, N; Mitra, P; Mitthumsiri, W; Mizuno, T; Moiseev, Aa; Mongelli, M; Monte, C; Monzani, Me; Moretti, E; Morselli, A; Moskalenko, Iv; Murgia, S; Nelson, D; Nilsson, L; Nishino, S; Nolan, Pl; Nuss, E; Ohno, M; Ohsugi, T; Omodei, N; Orlando, E; Ormes, Jf; Ozaki, M; Paccagnella, A; Paneque, D; Panetta, Jh; Parent, D; Pelassa, V; Pepe, M; Pesce Rollins, M; Picozza, P; Pinchera, M; Piron, F; Porter, Ta; Raino, S; Rando, R; Rapposelli, E; Raynor, W; Razzano, Massimiliano; Reimer, A; Reimer, O; Reposeur, T; Reyes, Lc; Ritz, S; Robinson, S; Rochester, Ls; Rodriguez, Ay; Romani, Rw; Roth, M; Ryde, F; Sacchetti, A; Hfw, Sadrozinski; Saggini, N; Sanchez, D; Sander, A; Sapozhnikov, L; Saxton, Oh; Pms, Parkinson; Sellerholm, A; Sgro, C; Siskind, Ej; Smith, Da; Smith, Pd; Spandre, G; Spinelli, P; Starck, Jl; Stephens, Te; Strickman, Ms; Strong, Aw; Sugizaki, M; Suson, Dj; Tajima, H; Takahashi, H; Takahashi, T; Tanaka, T; Tenze, A; Thayer, Jb; Thayer, Jg; Thompson, Dj; Tibaldo, L; Tibolla, O; Torres, Df; Tosti, G; Tramacere, A; Turri, M; Usher, Tl; Vilchez, N; Virmani, N; Vitale, V; Wai, Ll; Waite, Ap; Wang, P; Winer, Bl; Wood, Dl; Wood, Ks; Yasuda, H; Ylinen, T; Ziegler, M.

doi:10.1016/j.astropartphys.2009.08.002

The Large Area Telescope (LAT) on-board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope began its on-orbit operations on June 23, 2008. Calibrations, defined in a generic sense, correspond to synchronization of trigger signals, optimization of delays for latching data, determination of detector thresholds, gains and responses, evaluation of the perimeter of the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA), measurements of live time, of absolute time, and internal and spacecraft boresight alignments. Here we describe on-orbit calibration results obtained using known astrophysical sources, galactic cosmic rays, and charge injection into the front-end electronics of each detector. Instrument response functions will be described in a separate publication. This paper demonstrates the stability of calibrations and describes minor changes observed since launch. These results have been used to calibrate the LAT datasets to be publicly released in August 2009. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.