ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE STUDIES OF SUPERCOOLED WATER

CONTENTS I. Introduction II. Outline of ESR Spectroscopy A. Spin Probes B. Rigid-Limit and Motional Narrowing of the Lineshape C. Accessible Range of the Rotational Dynamics III. ESR Spectroscopy of Spin Probes: Basic Theoretical Introduction A. Spin Hamiltonian B. Lineshape Analysis 1. No Tumbling: Powder Lineshape 2. Tumbling: Motional Narrowing of the ESR Lineshape IV. ESR Studies of Liquid Water and Aqueous Solutions: A Review V. ESR Studies of Confined Water in Polycrystalline Ice A. Water Confinement in Polycrystalline Ice B. Location of Paramagnetic Solutes in Water–Ice Mixtures C. Rotational Dynamics of TEMPOL in Interstitial Water of Polycrystalline Ice 1. Spin Probe Mobility Above 130K 2. Dynamical Heterogeneities 3. Temperature Dependence of the Spin Probe Reorientation 4. Breakdown of the Debye–Stokes–Einstein Law 5. Spin Probe Sensing of the Water Static Heterogeneities 6. Missing Evidence of Additional Impurities in Interstitial Water VI. Summary References