Clonal selection of ‘Sangiovese’ in Tuscany

Clonal selection was carried out in the coastal area of Tuscany, with special reference to the ‘Morellino di Scansano’ DOC area (province of Grosseto), according to the procedures specified by the National Committee for the homologation of grapevine material. This study reports on a series of ampelographic observations performed during the five-year period 1997-2001 on presumed clones identified in old vineyards, between 30 and 40 years of age or older, established with local material. These constitute a source of genetic material endowed with a sufficient variability of characteristics. Selection criteria concerned the morphological differences of leaves and grapes, moderate productivity, limited vigour and cluster characteristics, with particular emphasis on cluster shape and size. Selection criteria were also focused on the phenologic characteristics of the grapes and on the technological potential for wine. The first step was to identify a sufficient number of mother grapevines to ensure representation of a broad variability of the above-mentioned characteristics. In addition, during the selection process, priority was given to the characteristics considered most favourable for current grapevine growing objectives. Ampelographic shoot, leaf and cluster observations showed appreciable differences among the 15 candidate clones investigated, all of which were free from the main viruses. It was also possible to identify groups of presumed clones classifiable into one or more biotypes, distinguished by cluster and grape characteristics, including phenol concentration.