As regards the studies of social relations in pre-Roman Italy and gender archaeology, the reconstruction of the most ancient period of the Etruscan culture, that goes back to the protohistory, is mainly based on the analysis of the burials, where social groups precociously expressed their symbols and ideologies, especially through funerary equipment and rituals. During the late Iron Age (8th century BC) the first marked social differentiation was manifested within the communities controlling wide territories and resources and some tombs of that period, referring to small ruling groups, began to include a large number of precious items. Within these élites women seemed to share the male wealth and privileges, as evidenced by the amount of goods put in some rich female burials. While waiting for an overall study of female Villanovan and Orientalizing funerary contexts in the northern Etruscan area, we present the case study of some relevant tombs of Volterra, pertaining to women of high social rank. These are three graves with monumental structure, two located in a prominent position near the localities Badia and L'Ortino, and one situated in the necropolis of Ripaie. Many precious objects placed together with the deceased ladies, specially rich parures of jewellery and personal ornaments, demonstrate their high social status. Furthermore, other valuable goods emphasize the central role of the women within the family and the social group, indicating the control of domestic activities, especially weaving, but also the partecipation in ceremonial events such as the preparation and consumption of food in the banquet.
Nell’ambito dello studio dei rapporti sociali nell’Italia preromana e in particolare dell’archeologia di genere, la ricostruzione del periodo più antico della civiltà etrusca, che affonda le sue radici nella protostoria, si basa prevalentemente sull’analisi dei dati provenienti dalle sepolture, nelle quali attraverso gli oggetti di corredo e i rituali funerari appaiono precocemente espressi simboli e ideologie propri di un gruppo sociale. Nel corso dell’avanzata prima età del Ferro (VIII secolo a.C.) si manifesta una prima esplicita differenziazione sociale all’interno delle comunità che controllano vasti comprensori territoriali ed alcune tombe di questo periodo, pertinenti a ristretti gruppi dominanti, iniziano a contenere materiali preziosi e in gran numero. All’interno di queste élites, la figura femminile pare godere della ricchezza e dei privilegi maschili, come testimonia la profusione di beni all’interno di alcune sepolture. In attesa di uno studio complessivo dei contesti funerari femminili del periodo villanoviano e orientalizzante dell’area etrusco-settentrionale, si presenta in questa sede il caso studio di Volterra, attraverso l’analisi di alcuni rilevanti contesti funerari pertinenti a donne di rango. Si tratta di tre tombe ad incinerazione di struttura monumentale, due situate in posizione isolata nell’area di Badia e della località L’Ortino e una all’interno della necropoli delle Ripaie. I pregiati materiali che accompagnavano le defunte, oltre ad indicare lo status sociale elevato esibito mediante ricche parures di ornamenti personali, sottolineano il ruolo centrale all’interno della famiglia e della comunità attraverso il controllo delle attività domestiche, in particolare la tessitura, ma anche la partecipazione ad eventi cerimoniali come la preparazione e il consumo dei cibi durante il banchetto.
Indicatori sociali in contesti funerari femminili tardo-villanoviani in Etruria settentrionale: il caso di Volterra
Rosselli L.
2021-01-01
Abstract
As regards the studies of social relations in pre-Roman Italy and gender archaeology, the reconstruction of the most ancient period of the Etruscan culture, that goes back to the protohistory, is mainly based on the analysis of the burials, where social groups precociously expressed their symbols and ideologies, especially through funerary equipment and rituals. During the late Iron Age (8th century BC) the first marked social differentiation was manifested within the communities controlling wide territories and resources and some tombs of that period, referring to small ruling groups, began to include a large number of precious items. Within these élites women seemed to share the male wealth and privileges, as evidenced by the amount of goods put in some rich female burials. While waiting for an overall study of female Villanovan and Orientalizing funerary contexts in the northern Etruscan area, we present the case study of some relevant tombs of Volterra, pertaining to women of high social rank. These are three graves with monumental structure, two located in a prominent position near the localities Badia and L'Ortino, and one situated in the necropolis of Ripaie. Many precious objects placed together with the deceased ladies, specially rich parures of jewellery and personal ornaments, demonstrate their high social status. Furthermore, other valuable goods emphasize the central role of the women within the family and the social group, indicating the control of domestic activities, especially weaving, but also the partecipation in ceremonial events such as the preparation and consumption of food in the banquet.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.