OLIVE: Flexible, Portable, and Sustainable V2X Multi-Factor Authentication

Verifying an individual's identity has always been a challenge, especially in virtual environments. In recent years, cybersecurity incidents have highlighted the vulnerability of traditional authentication methods, making Multi-Factor Authentication essential to increase security. Within the automotive domain, Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communications require robust authentication mechanisms, especially considering the forthcoming coexistence of traditional and autonomous vehicles. In response, we propose OLIVE, an innovative containerized architecture for V2X Authentication with several factors. The flexibility of our solution enables the authentication process to be tailored according to security requirements. Moreover, the architecture of OLIVE is designed to be portable, leveraging the containerization for each authentication factor, and sustainable, trying to manage the energy, environmental, and economic costs associated with cybersecurity.