Archeologia dei materiali lapidei tra Paleolitico e Contemporaneità nella Toscana nord-occidentale: produzione, riciclo e sostenibilità

The paper aims to summarize the themes of ongoing research and the results of recently concluded projects from the Department of Civilization and Forms of Knowledge at the University of Pisa, which have primarily focused on the north-western sector of Tuscany. These research projects, funded through national and international grants, have mainly addressed the supply and use of stone materials from a diachronic and interdisciplinary perspective. The article also presents relections on the theoretical and methodological approach, with particular attention to the methods of extractionήcollection, processing, and use of rocks for various purposes, ranging from personal ornaments to construction materials.For the Prehistory, the projects illustrating the use of lithic raw materials for the production of tools and ornaments throughout the prehistoric period include MobiliTy (Horizon Europe – MSCA, 2022-2024), MARMO (POR FSE Regione Toscana, 2020-2022), and SPτT (Study of Italian Prehistoric τrnaments, 2ί16-present). For the Roman period, the project “Le Città Invisibili” (Department of Excellence 2ί18-2ί22) focuses on the use of stone materials for the construction of the urban centre of Pisa, while “Forsaken Ecologies” (REACT EU–Pτσ Research and Innovation 2ί14-2ί2ί) aims to investigate the diachronic evolution of extractive activities and their impact on landscapes and communities in the Apuo-Versilian mountains.