“Litterae” et “Figurae”. Pour un art ‘rhétorique’ dans la Rome de la Réforme grégorienne

The article argues that texts, images and epigraphs in the Gregorian Reform were “rhetorically” organized. In the eleventh and twelfth centuries, to include words in an image signified auctoritas and the symbolic presence of God and the martyrs, as it make clear by an analysis of “reformed” altars. Furthermore, the inscriptions in eleventh- and early-twelfth-century wall paintings in Rome and Latium guided medieval viewers’ interpretations of the pictorial narrative.