5G vs 6G: Advances in Cellular Planning and Their Impact on Population Exposure

Cellular network planning is a dynamic challenge due to constant technological advancements. Despite evolving generations, wireless signals remain subject to physical constraints like attenuation and diffraction. The transition from 5G to 6G introduces higher frequencies, enhancing capacity but increasing signal loss, requiring innovative solutions like smart antennas. This study compares 5G and 6G coverage in a real scenario, analyzing propagation differences and the need for additional base stations. It also assesses electromagnetic field exposure to evaluate future safety and regulatory implications.