Il regime autorizzatorio delle attività di movimentazione di materiali in ambiente marino e costiero nel riparto di competenze fra Stato e regioni

The immersion into the sea or the deposit in coastal zones of materials – from dredging activities, too – raise very important problems for environmental protection. Set out to pursue the most various purposes (to mention some: shoreline restoration, fight against coastal erosion, depth maintenance in harbour zones, realization of infrastructures, laying of cables and pipes down into the sea), material handling into the sea and in coastal zones represents an activity with a high impact on environment, fit for altering in a significant way the morphology of areas and, potentially, for irretrievably damaging local ecosystems. To such a delicate question the legislator has some difficulty in giving an adequate answer. Material handling into the sea or in coastal zones comes out to be committed to a congeries of rules, building up a framework of law which appears plainly fragmentary and incoherent. Unavoidably, the asystematicity of the legal framework reverberates on the complex system of competences of public authorities who are given the power to issue the required authorizations for the several kinds of activities; it’s a system which appears to be uncertain and changeable, also because of the presence of a not homogenous regional legislation.

La movimentazione di materiali in ambito costiero, disposta per le più diverse finalità - ripascimento degli arenili, lotta all'erosione costiera, mantenimento dei fondali, realizzazione di infrastrutture, attività di dragaggio - pone problemi assai rilevanti, in particolare per quel che concerne il riparto di competenze fra i soggetti abilitati a rilasciare i provvedimenti autorizzatori per i diversi tipi di intervento. Complice anche una legislazione regionale non omogenea, l'assetto competenziale appare tuttora incerto e variabile, stante anche una giurisprudenza costituzionale non chiarificatrice.