Area optimization of very low-frequency Gm-C filters

Fully integrated low frequency filters are critical cells that should be carefully designed in order to avoid excessive area occupation. In this work we propose an automatic procedure capable of optimizing the design of Gm-C integrators, constituting the basis of a wide class of Gm-C filters. The optimization target is minimizing the cell area with constraints on input range and low frequency noise. The procedure is exploited to show the effect of various design constraints on important filter parameters. Verification with the result of electrical simulations is included.