A specific experimental trial was carried out to test the ‘preventive’ herbicidal effect of three innovative steam injectors, developed at the University of Pisa in order to perform different disinfection treatments by means of a track self-propelled machine (a single bar working at about 20 cm of depth, a carter bar working on soil surface and a mixed system working both on surface and in depth). The interventions were carried out using steam alone or in association with two different activating compounds (KOH and CaO), distributed at two different rates (1000 and 4000 kg ha-1). Treatment effects were observed on an artificial weed infestation, achieved distributing ca. 450 seeds dm-3 of !"#$$%&#'()*&+# (L) Czern (Indian mustard), and on the natural seed-bank. After each intervention, soil temperature trend was monitored with a specific measurement device while field emergence of !,'()*&+# was sampled one week after disinfection. The effects of treatments on artificial seed-bank were analyzed by the seedling emergence technique: soil samples were taken at three different depths (0-7 cm, 7-14 cm, and 14-21 cm), and placed in plastic tubs under controlled conditions for one year with the aim to record the weeds emergence pattern. Results obtained show clear differences among the three injection systems: the single bar treatment was the most effective at the deeper soil depth (on average, between 14 and 21 cm depth, soil maximum temperature reached 65°C and !,'()*&+# seedbank density decreased by 91%), the carter bar treatment was the most effective on the surface (on average, between 0 and 7 cm depth, soil maximum temperature reached 63°C and !,'()*&+# seedbank density decreased by 96%) and the mixed system was on average the most effective when considering the seedbank reduction in the whole treated soil volume (on average, between 0 and 21 cm depth, soil maximum temperature reached 52°C and !,'()*&+# seedbank density decreased by 84%).
Influence of Injection System on the Effect of “Activated” Soil Disinfection on Brassica Juncea (L.) Czern
PERUZZI, ANDREA;RAFFAELLI, MICHELE;FRASCONI, CHRISTIAN;FONTANELLI, MARCO
2007-01-01
Abstract
A specific experimental trial was carried out to test the ‘preventive’ herbicidal effect of three innovative steam injectors, developed at the University of Pisa in order to perform different disinfection treatments by means of a track self-propelled machine (a single bar working at about 20 cm of depth, a carter bar working on soil surface and a mixed system working both on surface and in depth). The interventions were carried out using steam alone or in association with two different activating compounds (KOH and CaO), distributed at two different rates (1000 and 4000 kg ha-1). Treatment effects were observed on an artificial weed infestation, achieved distributing ca. 450 seeds dm-3 of !"#$$%&#'()*&+# (L) Czern (Indian mustard), and on the natural seed-bank. After each intervention, soil temperature trend was monitored with a specific measurement device while field emergence of !,'()*&+# was sampled one week after disinfection. The effects of treatments on artificial seed-bank were analyzed by the seedling emergence technique: soil samples were taken at three different depths (0-7 cm, 7-14 cm, and 14-21 cm), and placed in plastic tubs under controlled conditions for one year with the aim to record the weeds emergence pattern. Results obtained show clear differences among the three injection systems: the single bar treatment was the most effective at the deeper soil depth (on average, between 14 and 21 cm depth, soil maximum temperature reached 65°C and !,'()*&+# seedbank density decreased by 91%), the carter bar treatment was the most effective on the surface (on average, between 0 and 7 cm depth, soil maximum temperature reached 63°C and !,'()*&+# seedbank density decreased by 96%) and the mixed system was on average the most effective when considering the seedbank reduction in the whole treated soil volume (on average, between 0 and 21 cm depth, soil maximum temperature reached 52°C and !,'()*&+# seedbank density decreased by 84%).I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
