Recent developments in the way electricity is produced and traded need that the Third Party Access structure is fully implemented and that free access is assured to both producers and users at all voltage levels. In this new vision, worldwide referred to as “Smart Grids”, not only the producers are requested to be active part in the system, but also consumers with an “intelligent” and “smart” behaviour are needed. Several terms have been introduced to describe this characteristic, such as “demand integration” and “demand response”. Whatever the nomenclature is, the main functions the user-customer must be able to perform are: - to exchange information with the system operator - to manage the power demand through properly designed interfacing systems as well as storage system - to manage his own energy needs. In this framework, electric transport systems in large urban areas can be easily adapted to the “smart” concept. Today electrified transport systems such as underground systems, light railways, trolley bus systems and cable car railways will quickly see the development of electric vehicles with onboard energy storage to be recharged through various kind of charging stations. These systems are usually connected to the grid through a static AC/DC conversion system which can either be a line commutated converter or a force commutated one, the latter enabling the interface to work on the whole PQ plane. With a proper operation and the help of some storage devices, these systems can provide useful functions in the framework of demand response. A very useful characteristic which eases the possible switch towards a new operation strategy is that a transport system is usually operated by a single entity. The paper describes the functions the transport systems can perform in a demand response vision as a function of the structure of the interfacing device. It then focuses on the example of the Bergamo “San Vigilio” cable car, where a new drive is currently being installed. The refurbishment of the plant includes the installation of a 100kW, 18kWh lithium battery storage system which will help controlling the demand from the grid, will provide the needed reactive power as well as will act as an active filter and supply network services.
Demand Response of urban transport systems: a help for deploying the new Smart Grid paradigm
BARSALI, STEFANO;GIGLIOLI, ROMANO;POLI, DAVIDE;
2011-01-01
Abstract
Recent developments in the way electricity is produced and traded need that the Third Party Access structure is fully implemented and that free access is assured to both producers and users at all voltage levels. In this new vision, worldwide referred to as “Smart Grids”, not only the producers are requested to be active part in the system, but also consumers with an “intelligent” and “smart” behaviour are needed. Several terms have been introduced to describe this characteristic, such as “demand integration” and “demand response”. Whatever the nomenclature is, the main functions the user-customer must be able to perform are: - to exchange information with the system operator - to manage the power demand through properly designed interfacing systems as well as storage system - to manage his own energy needs. In this framework, electric transport systems in large urban areas can be easily adapted to the “smart” concept. Today electrified transport systems such as underground systems, light railways, trolley bus systems and cable car railways will quickly see the development of electric vehicles with onboard energy storage to be recharged through various kind of charging stations. These systems are usually connected to the grid through a static AC/DC conversion system which can either be a line commutated converter or a force commutated one, the latter enabling the interface to work on the whole PQ plane. With a proper operation and the help of some storage devices, these systems can provide useful functions in the framework of demand response. A very useful characteristic which eases the possible switch towards a new operation strategy is that a transport system is usually operated by a single entity. The paper describes the functions the transport systems can perform in a demand response vision as a function of the structure of the interfacing device. It then focuses on the example of the Bergamo “San Vigilio” cable car, where a new drive is currently being installed. The refurbishment of the plant includes the installation of a 100kW, 18kWh lithium battery storage system which will help controlling the demand from the grid, will provide the needed reactive power as well as will act as an active filter and supply network services.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
