Application of the UNFC classification to open-loop ground source heat pump systems: a case study

This paper presents the application of the United Nations Framework Classification for Resources (UNFC) to an open-loop ground source heat pump (GSHP) in Italy. The UNFC is a universal classification system aimed at facilitating the comparison and the decision-making process for all the stakeholders involved in a specific energy project. The classification object is the expected geothermal energy use following Project development. In this case, we deal with the replacement of some methane boilers in the office buildings of an electric transformation station with three reversible open-loop heat pumps (nominal capacity, 3x70 kWth) and one open-loop chiller (nominal capacity, 55 kWth). The paper provides a general view of the UNFC application, showing the classification steps the information needed to complete the classification of a groundwater heat pump system, according to a “scenario” approach. The final Project classification at the date of evaluation (2018) is “Commercial Project, approved for development”. The geothermal Resource is 6.7, 11.6, 13.8 PJ in thirty years as low, best, and high estimate, respectively. The paper highlights the general applicability of the UNFC scheme and the benefits in terms of reporting the Project energy production in a consistent perspective including technical, economic, social, environmental elements, together with uncertainties and risks assessment.