Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are a type of pluripotent stem cell artificially derived from a non-pluripotent cell—typically an adult somatic cell—by inducing a “forced” expression of specific genes. Typically, iPS cells are generated by retroviral induction of transcription factors, OCT (octamer-binding transcription factor)-4, SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2 also known as SOX2, kruppel-like factor (KLF)-4, and c-MYC, in fibroblasts. The development of iPS cells could be a strategy to overcome the limitations of human embryonic stem cells. iPS cells can replace animal and ES experiments in drug development and toxicity tests and for testing mechanicistic hypotheses of diseases. Although the creation of multiple lineages with iPS cells can seem limitless, a number of challenges need to be addressed in order to effectively use these cell lines for disease modeling. These include the low efficiency of iPS cell generation without genetic alterations, the possibility of tumor formation in vivo, the random integration of retroviral-based delivery vectors into the genome, and unregulated growth of the remaining cells that are partially reprogrammed and refractory to differentiation. The establishment of protein or RNA-based reprogramming strategies will help generate human iPS cells without permanent genetic alterations for future development of personalized medicine.
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Cardiac Regeneration
Rosalinda Madonna
;
2016-01-01
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are a type of pluripotent stem cell artificially derived from a non-pluripotent cell—typically an adult somatic cell—by inducing a “forced” expression of specific genes. Typically, iPS cells are generated by retroviral induction of transcription factors, OCT (octamer-binding transcription factor)-4, SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2 also known as SOX2, kruppel-like factor (KLF)-4, and c-MYC, in fibroblasts. The development of iPS cells could be a strategy to overcome the limitations of human embryonic stem cells. iPS cells can replace animal and ES experiments in drug development and toxicity tests and for testing mechanicistic hypotheses of diseases. Although the creation of multiple lineages with iPS cells can seem limitless, a number of challenges need to be addressed in order to effectively use these cell lines for disease modeling. These include the low efficiency of iPS cell generation without genetic alterations, the possibility of tumor formation in vivo, the random integration of retroviral-based delivery vectors into the genome, and unregulated growth of the remaining cells that are partially reprogrammed and refractory to differentiation. The establishment of protein or RNA-based reprogramming strategies will help generate human iPS cells without permanent genetic alterations for future development of personalized medicine.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
