State-Of-Charge evaluation of lithium batteries

One of the main concerns regarding energy storage systems during their normal operation is the possibility to perform an accurate State-Of-Charge estimation. This cannot be done by simple ampere-hour counting, unless drift correction means are put in place to avoid accumulation of measurement errors over time. In this paper, a State-Of- Charge evaluation algorithm is widely analysed and tested on a nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) lithium cell. The algorithm is based on the utilisation of an equivalent electrical circuit battery model, and on the consequent use of a Luenberger-style technique for a runtime correction, from the measure of current and voltage at battery terminals. Although application of Luenberger-style estimation is not new in literature for application to batteries, new expressions of battery model parameters and more detailed simulations are shown, to imply much higher estimation accuracy than in the past. After setting the model parameters, different test cycles have been considered, to evaluate the robustness of the proposed technique.