The paper examines the possible opening of an infringement procedure against Germany as a result of the breaches that emerge from the declaration by the German Constitutional Court that the Court of Justice has acted ultra vires in the Weiss judgment (C-493/17). The proportionality assessment of the Public Sector Purchase Programme (PSPP) of the European Central Bank (ECB), carried by the Court of Justice, is contested by the domestic court. We recall that the Commission enjoys great discretion regarding the launch of an infringement action based upon Article 258 of the TFEU and may be reluctant to use its powers, considering the special position of the constitutional courts in the context of Article 267 TFEU as well as the present situation of emergency following the pandemic. Yet, the possibility to start an infringement procedure for breaches of Treaty obligations resulting from an incorrect interpretation of domestic courts was admitted in case C-129/00 Commission v. Italy and applied in two subsequent cases (C-154/08 Commission v. Spain and C-416/17 Commission v. France). As a result of the ruling of May 5, 2020, the Court of Justice may find that Germany failed to fulfil obligations stemming from Article 267 TFEU and the related case-law, Article 19 TEU, as well as Article 5(2) TEU. Other breaches concern the independence of the ECB and of the Bundesbank (being it a Member of the European System of Central Banks (ESCB) and of the Eurosystem) as defined in Articles 130, 282(3) TFEU and Article 7 of the Protocol (No. 4) on the Statute of the ESCB and of the ECB. We argue in favour of the violation of all these provisions read in conjunction with the duty of loyal cooperation, laid down in Article 4(3) TEU. Yet, we conclude that it is uncertain whether the Commission will open (or continue) an infringement procedure against Germany since the Bundesbank may act to satisfy the requests of the German Constitutional Court in relation to the proportionality of the PSPP. It is to be hoped that the German State organs will make sure that the PSPP may be continued, thus ensuring the functioning of the Eurozone, despite the attack of the BVerfG to the EU Judicature and to Weiss ruling in particular.
L'articolo esamina la possibilità che sia aperto un ricorso per infrazione contro la Germania a seguito delle violazioni che emergono dalla dichiarazione della Corte Federale tedesca che la Corte di Giustizia ha agito ultra vires quando ha statuito nella sentenza Weiss (C-493/17). La valutazione della proporzionalità del programma di acquisto di titoli nel settore pubblico (PSPP) della Banca Centrale europea è contestata dalla corte interna tedesca. Noi ricordiamo che la Commissione europea gode di grande discrezione nell'avviare un ricorso per infrazione ex art. 258 TFUE e può essere riluttante ad usare i suoi poteri considerando la posizione speciale che le corti costituzionali hanno nel contesto dell'art. 267 TFEU e la situazione derivante dalla pandemia. Tuttavia, la possibilità di presentare un simile ricorso per le violazioni degli obblighi dei Trattati risultanti dalla interpretazioni non corrette del diritto dell'UE da parte di corti di ultima istanza è stata ammessa nella sentenza C-129/00 Commissione c. Italia e applicata in due ricorsi successivi (C-154/08 Commissione c. Spagna e C-416/17 Commissione c. Francia). A seguito della sentenza del 5 maggio 2020, la Corte di Giustizia potrebbe dichiarare che la Germania ha violato gli obblighi che derivano dall'art. 267 TFEU e la giurisprudenza relativa, l'art. 19 TUE e l'art. 5(2) TEU. Altre violazioni riguardano l'indipendenza della BCE e della Bundesbank (che è membro del sistema europeo di banche centrali e dell'eurosistema) sulla base dell'articoli 130, 282(3) TFEU e dell'articolo 7 del Protocollo (No. 4) sullo Statuto del SEBC e della BCE. Sosteniamo che la Germania ha violato tutte queste disposizioni, insieme a quella relativa all'obbligo di cooperazione leale, ex art. 4(3) TEU. Tuttavia, la nostra conclusione è che non è certo che la Commissione aprirà (o continuerà qualora l'avrà già avviato nei prossimi giorni) un ricorso per infrazione contro la Germania poiché la Bundesbank potrebbe soddisfare le richieste della Corte Federale tedesca in relazione alla proporzionalità del PSPP. Si spera che gli organi statali tedeschi faranno in modo che il PSPP possa continuare, assicurando così il funzionamento dell'eurozona, nonostante gli attacchi della corte federale tedesca al giudice dell'Unione e alla sentenza Weiss in particolare.
The German federal constitutional court's exercise of ultra vires review and the possibility to open an infringement action for the commission
Poli S.
Primo
;
2020-01-01
Abstract
The paper examines the possible opening of an infringement procedure against Germany as a result of the breaches that emerge from the declaration by the German Constitutional Court that the Court of Justice has acted ultra vires in the Weiss judgment (C-493/17). The proportionality assessment of the Public Sector Purchase Programme (PSPP) of the European Central Bank (ECB), carried by the Court of Justice, is contested by the domestic court. We recall that the Commission enjoys great discretion regarding the launch of an infringement action based upon Article 258 of the TFEU and may be reluctant to use its powers, considering the special position of the constitutional courts in the context of Article 267 TFEU as well as the present situation of emergency following the pandemic. Yet, the possibility to start an infringement procedure for breaches of Treaty obligations resulting from an incorrect interpretation of domestic courts was admitted in case C-129/00 Commission v. Italy and applied in two subsequent cases (C-154/08 Commission v. Spain and C-416/17 Commission v. France). As a result of the ruling of May 5, 2020, the Court of Justice may find that Germany failed to fulfil obligations stemming from Article 267 TFEU and the related case-law, Article 19 TEU, as well as Article 5(2) TEU. Other breaches concern the independence of the ECB and of the Bundesbank (being it a Member of the European System of Central Banks (ESCB) and of the Eurosystem) as defined in Articles 130, 282(3) TFEU and Article 7 of the Protocol (No. 4) on the Statute of the ESCB and of the ECB. We argue in favour of the violation of all these provisions read in conjunction with the duty of loyal cooperation, laid down in Article 4(3) TEU. Yet, we conclude that it is uncertain whether the Commission will open (or continue) an infringement procedure against Germany since the Bundesbank may act to satisfy the requests of the German Constitutional Court in relation to the proportionality of the PSPP. It is to be hoped that the German State organs will make sure that the PSPP may be continued, thus ensuring the functioning of the Eurozone, despite the attack of the BVerfG to the EU Judicature and to Weiss ruling in particular.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.