Interleukin 6 trans-signalling and risk of future cardiovascular events

Aims The pro-inflammatory response to interleukin 6 (IL6) trans-signalling in atherosclerosis is driven by the IL6 and soluble IL6 receptor (sIL6R) binary complex. The binary IL6:sIL6R complex is inactivated by sgp130 through the formation of the ternary IL6:sIL6R:sgp130 complex. The aim of this study was to investigate if IL6 trans-signalling, estimated by a ratio between the binary and ternary complexes, associates with the risk of future cardiovascular events (CVE) in a Swedish cohort of 60-year-old men and women (n = 4232). Methods and results Binary and ternary complex levels expressed in nanomol/Litre were derived from serum concentrations of IL6, sIL6R, and sgp130. Cox regression models were used to assess the risk of CVE (myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, and ischaemic stroke, n = 525), expressed as hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI), associated with increasing circulating levels of the three molecules and with the binary/ternary complex ratio. Estimates were adjusted for the common cardiovascular (CV) risk factors. To assess the level of IL6-trans-signalling, we estimated the binary/ternary complex ratio and then analysed the association with CVE risk. A ratio higher than the median, representing a relative excess of the active binary complex was associated with increased CVE risk (adjusted HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.21-1.72). Conclusion The ratio between the functional moieties of IL6 trans-signalling, IL6:sIL6R, and IL6:sIL6R:sgp130, was associated with CVE risk indicating that it could be a promising marker of CV risk and possibly be used in selecting patients for anti-inflammatory therapy.