Cellular mechanisms of chromosomal damage in fish models during the early steps of carcinogenesis. Does gender have an effect?

Since fishes are widely used as model species in understanding cellular mechanisms of many human diseases such as carcinogenesis early steps, and to test the cellular potential cellular impairment of xenobiotics such as emerging pollutants, it appears of great interest to obtain strong reliable data from fish experimental researches. In humans, the loss of chromosomal integrity, detected by the increase of micronucleus frequency, was demonstrated to be associated with early events in carcinogenesis. On the other hand, the loss of chromosomal integrity was found to be associated most frequently with sex chromosomes. We should wonder if cellular mechanisms promoting chromosomal damage in fish are influenced by the gender. This brief work tries to analyze this aspect before transferring any conclusion from fishes to humans.