Mannose as a biomarker of coronary artery disease: Angiographic evidence and clinical significance

Background: High mannose has previously associated with insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Our objective is to establish whether mannose is associated with anatomical evidence of coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: Plasma mannose concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry in a discovery cohort (n =513) and a validation cohort (n =221) of carefully phenotyped individuals. In both cohorts CAD was quantitated using state-of-the-art imaging techniques (coronary computed coronary tomog-raphy angiography (CCTA), invasive coronary angiography and optical coherence tomography). Information on subsequent CVD events/death was collected. Associations of mannose with angiographic variables and bio-markers were tested using univariate and multivariate regression models. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier estimator. Results: Mannose was related to indices of CAD and features of plaque vulnerability. In the discovery cohort, mannose was a marker of quantity and quality of CCTA-proven CAD and subjects with a mannose level in the top quartile had a significantly higher risk of CVD events/death (p =3.6e-5). In the validation cohort, mannose was significantly associated with fibrous cap thickness <65 μm (odds ratio =1.32 per each 10 μmol/L mannose change [95% confidence interval, 1.05–1.65]) and was an independent predictor of death (hazard ratio for mannose≥vs <84.6 μmol/L: 4.0(95%CI, 1.4–11.3), p =0.006). Conclusion: The current data add novel evidence that high mannose is a signature of CAD with a vulnerable plaque phenotype, consistently across measures of severity of vessel involvement and independent of the traditional correlates of CVD, and that it is an independent predictor of incident adverse outcomes.