Familial Non-Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma in Pediatric Age: Our Surgical Experience

Background: The purpose of the article was to evaluate the existence of significant clinical, pathological and prognostic differences between familial and sporadic form of pediatric non-medullary thyroid carcinoma, in order to tailor the therapeutic strategy to be adopted for patients with family history. Methods: We analyzed the records of 76 pediatric patients that underwent surgery for differentiated thyroid cancer from 2014 to 2019 at the Surgical Pathology Department of the University of Pisa, Italy. Among these, 20 (26,3%) had positive family history (familial non-medullary thyroid carcinoma—FNMTC group) while 56 (73.7%) were affected by sporadic forms (sporadic non-medullary thyroid carcinoma—SNMTC group). Results: In our study, the correlation between the FNMTC and the SNMTC group showed no difference in terms of tumor features like multifocality, bilaterality, capsular/extracapsular invasion and the presence of vascular emboli. A statistical significance, on the other hand, was revealed by observation of clinical outcomes, such as distant metastasis (p = 0,022), persistence of disease (p = 0,054) and necessity of radioiodine sessions (p = 0,005). Conclusions: These findings suggest that family history may have an independent role on the outcome, expressing its action through an intrinsic more aggressive biological behavior. Therefore, familial non-medullary thyroid carcinoma in children represents a nosological entity that requires an accurate pre-operative evaluation, an adequate surgical strategy and a careful follow up.