Background: There is currently a lack of reference intervals (RIs) for the novel measures like 3-dimensional (3D) echocardiography or speckle-tracking strain for assessment of right ventricular (RV) structure and function. Objectives: To generate RIs and to determine the influence of age, heart rate, and body weight (BW) on various RV function indices using a dedicated RV software for 3D RV end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), ejection fraction (EF), global and free wall RV longitudinal strain (RVLS), end-diastolic area (RVEDA), end-systolic area (RVESA), fractional area change (FAC), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), and tissue Doppler imaging (TVI)-derived systolic myocardial velocity of the lateral tricuspid annulus (S′). Animals: Healthy adult client-owned dogs (n = 211) of various breeds and ages. Methods: Prospective study. Reference intervals were estimated as statistical prediction intervals using allometric scaling for BW-dependent variables. Right-sided (upper limit) or left-sided (lower limit) 95% RIs were calculated for every variable. Inter- and intraobserver variability was determined. Results: Most variables showed clinically acceptable repeatability with coefficient of variation less than 10. Upper or respectively lower RI after allometric scaling to normalize for different BWs were: EDVn ≤ 2.5 mL/kg0.942, ESVn ≤ 1.2 mL/kg0.962, TAPSEn ≥ 4.5 mm0.285, RVEDAn ≤ 1.4 cm2/kg0.665, RVESAn ≤ 0.8 cm2/kg0.695, and TVI S′n ≥ 5.6 cm/s/kg0.186. The calculated limits for indices without allometric normalization were: EF > 42.1%, FAC > 30.0%, free wall RVLS < −20.8%, and global RVLS < −18.3%. Conclusions: Echocardiographic RIs for RV structure and function are provided.
Echocardiographic reference intervals for right ventricular indices, including 3-dimensional volume and 2-dimensional strain measurements in healthy dogs
Vezzosi T.;Tognetti R.;Bauer A.;
2022-01-01
Abstract
Background: There is currently a lack of reference intervals (RIs) for the novel measures like 3-dimensional (3D) echocardiography or speckle-tracking strain for assessment of right ventricular (RV) structure and function. Objectives: To generate RIs and to determine the influence of age, heart rate, and body weight (BW) on various RV function indices using a dedicated RV software for 3D RV end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), ejection fraction (EF), global and free wall RV longitudinal strain (RVLS), end-diastolic area (RVEDA), end-systolic area (RVESA), fractional area change (FAC), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), and tissue Doppler imaging (TVI)-derived systolic myocardial velocity of the lateral tricuspid annulus (S′). Animals: Healthy adult client-owned dogs (n = 211) of various breeds and ages. Methods: Prospective study. Reference intervals were estimated as statistical prediction intervals using allometric scaling for BW-dependent variables. Right-sided (upper limit) or left-sided (lower limit) 95% RIs were calculated for every variable. Inter- and intraobserver variability was determined. Results: Most variables showed clinically acceptable repeatability with coefficient of variation less than 10. Upper or respectively lower RI after allometric scaling to normalize for different BWs were: EDVn ≤ 2.5 mL/kg0.942, ESVn ≤ 1.2 mL/kg0.962, TAPSEn ≥ 4.5 mm0.285, RVEDAn ≤ 1.4 cm2/kg0.665, RVESAn ≤ 0.8 cm2/kg0.695, and TVI S′n ≥ 5.6 cm/s/kg0.186. The calculated limits for indices without allometric normalization were: EF > 42.1%, FAC > 30.0%, free wall RVLS < −20.8%, and global RVLS < −18.3%. Conclusions: Echocardiographic RIs for RV structure and function are provided.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
