Optimal sizing of an integrated energy system for a nearly zero-energy residential building

The paper analyzes the design of a typical solution for a smart energy system. It examines a particular plant, evaluating the integration of a Photovoltaic (PV) system and a Ground-Source Heat Pump (GSHP) for residential building service. The idea is to develop a system that maximizes self-consumption of the renewable energy generated by a small-sized solar array installed on the building. The case is analyzed starting from the results of a long-term experimental analysis of a real plant in Pisa. The analysis concerns the energy balance of the system during a year with a special attention on the operation of the two different systems, PV array and GSHP. Some indications on the possible optimum design of this solution are proposed and discussed and analyzed.