The essay criticises the international and european banking regulations, considering the need to build rules with a more systemic value. European legislation seems to evolve in this direction and tends to regulate the macroprudential risks of banks and financial intermediaries. In particular, the choice of the regulator is to discipline like banking anything presenting systemic risks for financial stability that are similar to banking. In this way, however, the financial markets are trapped in a regulatory overload that facilitates the emergence of the next bubbles, due to the pervasive incentives for opportunistic behaviours. Nevertheless, according to the author, the protection of savings in its subjective dimension, on which the legal system has focused for so long, is unable to protect the constitutional value of savings itself, since it ends up being shattered by the inability of disclosure regulation to form an informed investor. It is more convincing to bring the protection of savings back to its objective meaning, meant as an accumulation of capital to be used in investments, productive of value for the economic system. This is also because this means ensuring financial stability. In order to achieve the effect of stability, the author proposes to reform banking regulation, making it suitable to «protect» and «encourage» savings without necessarily elevating savings to the status of a fundamental right. It is a matter of intervening on the discipline of the activity carried out by banks, structurally separating it from that carried out by financial intermediaries. Banking activity must be subject to rules of sound and prudent management, submitted to the discretion, and therefore flexibility, of the supervisory authorities. Bank’s financial intermediation must be submitted to the same regulation, because now rooted in the bank’s business model, by prohibiting the dreaded proprietary trading. The Basel rules follow exactly an opposite path. According to the author, on the other hand, the distinction between banking and non-banking operators can still be a safeguard to protect and encourage savings, provided that a profound debate on the rules is accepted. The objective interpretation of the protection of savings offered in the essay aims at guaranteeing an enhanced protection to the individual, based on the special nature of the banking rules, focused on the direct protection of savings, definitively detached from the interests of the economic operators.

Il contributo critica la normativa internazionale ed europea a disciplina dell’attività bancaria, ritenendo necessario costruire regole con valenza maggiormente sistemica. In questo senso sembra evolvere la legislazione europea che tende a regolare i rischi macroprudenziali di banche e intermediari finanziari. In particolare, la scelta del regolatore è di normare like banking tutto ciò che presenti rischi sistemici per la stabilità finanziaria analoghi alla banca. In questo modo però si ingabbiano i mercati finanziari in un sovraccarico di regole che facilitano il formarsi delle prossime bolle, a causa dell’imperversare di incentivi a comportamenti opportunistici. Nondimeno, secondo l’autrice, la tutela del risparmio nella dimensione soggettiva, su cui a lungo l’ordinamento si è concentrato, non è in grado di proteggere il valore costituzionale del risparmio stesso, perché finisce per frantumarsi nell’incapacità della disclosure regulation di formare un investitore informato. Più convincente è ricondurre la tutela del risparmio nella sua accezione oggettiva, intesa come accumulo di capitale da impiegare in investimenti, produttivi di valore per il sistema economico. Anche perché ciò significa assicurare la stabilità finanziaria. Per raggiungere l’effetto della stabilità, l’autrice propone di riformare la regolazione bancaria, rendendola idonea a «tutelare» e «incoraggiare» il risparmio senza necessariamente elevare il risparmio a diritto fondamentale. Si tratta di intervenire sulla disciplina dell’attività svolta dalle banche, separandola strutturalmente da quella realizzata dalle imprese di investimento e sottoponendola a regole di sana e prudente gestione, rimesse alla discrezionalità, e dunque flessibilità, delle autorità di vigilanza, anche con riferimento all’intermediazione finanziaria ormai radicata nel modello di business della banca, ad eccezione del temutissimo trading proprietario. Le regole di Basilea si muovono su un percorso esattamente opposto. Secondo l’autrice invece la compartimentazione degli operatori può ancora essere un presidio per tutelare e incoraggiare il risparmio purché si accetti di avviare un profondo dibattito sulle regole. L’interpretazione in chiave oggettiva della tutela del risparmio offerta nel saggio mira a garantire una protezione rafforzata alla persona, fondata sulla specialità delle regole, orientate alla tutela diretta del risparmio, affrancandosi definitivamente dagli interessi degli operatori economici.

Per una regolazione bancaria che «incoraggia e tutela il risparmio»

Michela Passalacqua
2021-01-01

Abstract

The essay criticises the international and european banking regulations, considering the need to build rules with a more systemic value. European legislation seems to evolve in this direction and tends to regulate the macroprudential risks of banks and financial intermediaries. In particular, the choice of the regulator is to discipline like banking anything presenting systemic risks for financial stability that are similar to banking. In this way, however, the financial markets are trapped in a regulatory overload that facilitates the emergence of the next bubbles, due to the pervasive incentives for opportunistic behaviours. Nevertheless, according to the author, the protection of savings in its subjective dimension, on which the legal system has focused for so long, is unable to protect the constitutional value of savings itself, since it ends up being shattered by the inability of disclosure regulation to form an informed investor. It is more convincing to bring the protection of savings back to its objective meaning, meant as an accumulation of capital to be used in investments, productive of value for the economic system. This is also because this means ensuring financial stability. In order to achieve the effect of stability, the author proposes to reform banking regulation, making it suitable to «protect» and «encourage» savings without necessarily elevating savings to the status of a fundamental right. It is a matter of intervening on the discipline of the activity carried out by banks, structurally separating it from that carried out by financial intermediaries. Banking activity must be subject to rules of sound and prudent management, submitted to the discretion, and therefore flexibility, of the supervisory authorities. Bank’s financial intermediation must be submitted to the same regulation, because now rooted in the bank’s business model, by prohibiting the dreaded proprietary trading. The Basel rules follow exactly an opposite path. According to the author, on the other hand, the distinction between banking and non-banking operators can still be a safeguard to protect and encourage savings, provided that a profound debate on the rules is accepted. The objective interpretation of the protection of savings offered in the essay aims at guaranteeing an enhanced protection to the individual, based on the special nature of the banking rules, focused on the direct protection of savings, definitively detached from the interests of the economic operators.
2021
Passalacqua, Michela
File in questo prodotto:
Non ci sono file associati a questo prodotto.

I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.

Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11568/1139286
 Attenzione

Attenzione! I dati visualizzati non sono stati sottoposti a validazione da parte dell'ateneo

Citazioni
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.pmc??? ND
  • Scopus ND
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.isi??? ND
social impact