Globalizzazione, nuove povertà e migrazioni. Il caso del flusso dei senegalesi verso l'Europa.

This essay intends to discuss and study the migratory flow of young Senegalese, identifying the new push factors ( poverty and economic deprivation) and those of pull (new destinations and new attractiveness). The reasons behind the movement of the Senegalese population start from the times of the French colonial regime and then into the subsequent period of the country's formal independence in the neo-colonial era, with a corrupt and authoritarian elite in power : the disparity in the distribution of resources and, therefore, of the income through the population and in the country have created the conditions of new poverty. Furthermore, migrations have been encouraged by the neoliberal structural adjustment policies also imposed by the International Monetary Fund : the reduction of the workforce in the State administration, the cut in welfare (reduction of accessibility and the number of services such as education and health care). The younger population, therefore, to satisfy the basic needs also for their families has swelled an informal sector characterized by irregular and temporary incomes that create a marked social precariousness. The only alternative, therefore, is represented by the "flight" to Europe and the United states : often considered a "Dream place or an Eldorado. An essential role for the subsistence of families who stay at home is represented by the remittances that migrants manage to send to elderly parents and other family members in Senegal. Finally, it is noted that migrations are often illegal because the global system, on the one hand, promotes the movement of goods and people and spreads circulation, but on the other hand stops or blocks or brutally selects the arrivals of the migrants themselves ("good enough to work but not good enough to stay").