Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy in the Management of Primary Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: A Debated Issue for Gynecologic Oncologists

Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has been widely investigated in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis, including those with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), with conflicting results. The hyperthermia enhances drug tissue penetration, synergizes with several cytotoxic drugs including cisplatin, degrades BRCA2, suppresses homologous recombination, and elicits an anticancer immune response. A meta-analysis of retrospective studies including both patients with primary advanced EOC and those with recurrent platinum-sensitive EOC failed to detect a benefit in terms of progression-free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS) from the addition of HIPEC after surgery. The aim of the present review was to analyze the recent randomized clinical trials designed to assess the value of HIPEC in the management of patients with primary advanced EOC. Although not free from criticism and bias, the available data from two phase III trials seem to suggest that the addition of HIPEC to interval debulking surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy significantly improves PFS and OS. Conversely, HIPEC does not appear to offer any advantage after primary debulking surgery. Several phase III trials are currently ongoing on these issues and the use of HIPEC is still a matter of debate in the scientific community. Additional translational research is strongly warranted to detect biological variables able to identify a subset of patients who may have a major benefit from this therapeutic approach. In particular, the clinical outcome of patients who undergo HIPEC should be correlated with BRCA status and homologous recombination repair status.