Use of remote sensing‑derived fPAR data in a grapevine simulation model for estimating vine biomass accumulation and yield variability at sub‑field level

Grapevine simulation models are mostly used to estimate plant development, growth and yield at plot scale. However, the spatial variability of pedologic and micro-climatic conditions can influence vine growth, leading to a sub-field heterogeneity in plant vigor and final yield that may be better estimated through the assimilation of high spatial resolution data in crop models. In this study, the spatial variability of grapevine intercepted radiation at fruit-set was used as input for a grapevine simulation model to estimate the variability in biomass accumulation and yield in two Tuscan vineyards (Sites A and B). In Site A, the model, forced with intercepted radiation data as derived from the leaf area index (LAI), measured at canopy level in three main vigor areas of the vineyard, provided a satisfactory simulation of the final pruning weight (r2 = 0.61; RMSE = 19.86 dry matter g m−2). In Site B, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from Sentinel-2A images was firstly re-scaled to account for canopy fraction cover over the study areas and then used as a proxy for grapevine intercepted radiation for each single pixel. These data were used to drive the grapevine simulation model accounting for spatial variability of plant vigor to reproduce yield variability at pixel scale (r2 = 0.47; RMSE = 75.52 dry matter g m−2). This study represents the first step towards the realization of a decision tool supporting winegrowers in the selection of the most appropriate agronomic practices for reducing the vine vigor and yield variability at sub-field level.