Empedocle alla luce della complessità

Empedocles' ideas on Neikos and Philia as the two fundamental forces giving rise to natural phenomena are the basis of a worldview which seeks formal isomorphisms among physical processes, biological morphogenesis, and evolution of political orders. His reflections on the "first breath of the first living thing" and other biological phenomena are an example of systemic thinking. We find the same systemic approach in his conception of the conditions under which democracy can be a complex framework where Philia and Neikos interact and create a "healthy" order.