In 2013, Tibbits et al. introduced the term “four dimensional (4D) printing” to denote the fabrication via AM of structures with the capability to shape transform over time, the “fourth dimension”, under a predefined stimulus. Shape-changing, self-repairing, self-assembly, are some of the characteristics today associated to 4D printed structures, highlighting that these are no longer static objects but programmable active structures that accomplish their function through a change in their physical and/or chemical properties over time when exposed to a predetermined stimulus.
4D printing: smart materials and technologies for biomedical applications
Irene Chiesa;Simone Micalizzi;Carmelo De Maria
2021-01-01
Abstract
In 2013, Tibbits et al. introduced the term “four dimensional (4D) printing” to denote the fabrication via AM of structures with the capability to shape transform over time, the “fourth dimension”, under a predefined stimulus. Shape-changing, self-repairing, self-assembly, are some of the characteristics today associated to 4D printed structures, highlighting that these are no longer static objects but programmable active structures that accomplish their function through a change in their physical and/or chemical properties over time when exposed to a predetermined stimulus.File in questo prodotto:
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