Sustainable Strategies to Counteract Mycotoxins Contamination and Cowpea Weevil in Chickpea Seeds during Post-Harvest

Mycotoxins contamination and pest infestation of foods and feeds represent a pivotal threat for food safety and security worldwide, with crucial implications for human and animal health. Controlled atmosphere could be a sustainable strategy to reduce mycotoxins content and counteract the vitality of deleterious organisms in foodstuff. Ozone treatment (O-3, 500 ppb for 30, 60 or 90 min) and high nitrogen concentration (N-2, 99% for 21 consecutive days) were tested in the post-harvest management of four batches of Cicer arietinum grains to control the presence of mycotoxigenic fungi and their secondary metabolites, as well as pest (i.e., Callosobruchus maculatus) infestation. At the end of the treatment, O-3 significantly decreased the incidence of Penicillium spp. (by an average of -50%, independently to the time of exposure) and reduced the patulin and aflatoxins content after 30 min (-85 and -100%, respectively). High N-2 concentrations remarkably reduced mycotoxins contamination (by an average of -94%) and induced pest mortality (at 100% after 5 days of exposure). These results confirm the promising potential of O-3 and N-2 in post-harvest conservation strategies, leading to further investigations to evaluate the effects on the qualitative characteristics of grains.