Malus domestica Borkh. (Rosaceae) comprises different varieties of commercially widespread apple around the world and available on the market all year round [1]. Apples are a rich source of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols and triterpenes present both in pulp and peel. The daily consumption of apples has been linked to the prevention of several diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, asthma, and type-2 diabetes [2]. Today, cell plant culture technology may be considered a source of valuable compounds [3] as, in some cases, bioactive compounds are higher in plant cell culture extracts than in vivo [4]. In the course of our continuing studies on apple callus culture, a comparative phytochemical analysis between peel, pulp and callus extracts of two apple varieties, “Annurca” and “Mela Rosa Marchigiana del Montefeltro”, two examples of local apple varieties from central-northern and southern Italy ,respectively, was carried out. The in vitro callus culture was obtained starting from explants of the ripe pulp of the two fruits considered. To recover the metabolites, 500 mg of each sample were subjected to ultrasound-assisted extraction with 10 mL of EtOH-H2O (80% v/v). The metabolomic analysis of the obtained extracts was carried out by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution electrospray ionization source-Orbitrap/mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HR-ESI-Orbitrap/MS). The findings of this study revealed slight differences in the chemical composition of the two apple varieties. Furthermore, the qualitative profile of peels and pulps was almost superimposable, while differences were observed in the callus extracts. In particular, pulps were rich in phenols including phlorizin, catechin and procyanidins; peels contained both phenols and triterpenic acids while, according to previous studies [5], callus extracts were characterized only by highly produced triterpenic acids, some of which were not found in the fruits (such as pomolic and tormentic acids). In conclusion, this study sheds light on how cell plant culture can be considered as an alternative system for producing secondary metabolites. References 1. Perini P., Pasquali G., Margis-Pinheiro M., de Oliviera P. R. D., & Revers L. F. (2014). Molecular Breeding, 34, 829-842. 2. Wojdyło A., Oszmiański J., & Laskowski P. (2008). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56, 6520-6530. 3. Menbari A., Bahramnejad B., Abuzaripoor M., Shahmansouri E., & Zarei M. A. (2021). Scientia Horticulturae, 286, 110222. 4. Park D. E., Adhikari D., Pangeni R., Panthi V. K., Kim H. J., & Park J. W. (2018). Cosmetics, 5, 71. 5. Verardo G., Gorassini A., Ricci D., & Fraternale D. (2017). Phytochemical Analysis, 28, 5-15.
Comparative chemical analysis of peel, pulp and callus extracts of two apple (Malus domestica) varieties
M. Vitiello;M. De Leo;A. Braca;
2023-01-01
Abstract
Malus domestica Borkh. (Rosaceae) comprises different varieties of commercially widespread apple around the world and available on the market all year round [1]. Apples are a rich source of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols and triterpenes present both in pulp and peel. The daily consumption of apples has been linked to the prevention of several diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, asthma, and type-2 diabetes [2]. Today, cell plant culture technology may be considered a source of valuable compounds [3] as, in some cases, bioactive compounds are higher in plant cell culture extracts than in vivo [4]. In the course of our continuing studies on apple callus culture, a comparative phytochemical analysis between peel, pulp and callus extracts of two apple varieties, “Annurca” and “Mela Rosa Marchigiana del Montefeltro”, two examples of local apple varieties from central-northern and southern Italy ,respectively, was carried out. The in vitro callus culture was obtained starting from explants of the ripe pulp of the two fruits considered. To recover the metabolites, 500 mg of each sample were subjected to ultrasound-assisted extraction with 10 mL of EtOH-H2O (80% v/v). The metabolomic analysis of the obtained extracts was carried out by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution electrospray ionization source-Orbitrap/mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HR-ESI-Orbitrap/MS). The findings of this study revealed slight differences in the chemical composition of the two apple varieties. Furthermore, the qualitative profile of peels and pulps was almost superimposable, while differences were observed in the callus extracts. In particular, pulps were rich in phenols including phlorizin, catechin and procyanidins; peels contained both phenols and triterpenic acids while, according to previous studies [5], callus extracts were characterized only by highly produced triterpenic acids, some of which were not found in the fruits (such as pomolic and tormentic acids). In conclusion, this study sheds light on how cell plant culture can be considered as an alternative system for producing secondary metabolites. References 1. Perini P., Pasquali G., Margis-Pinheiro M., de Oliviera P. R. D., & Revers L. F. (2014). Molecular Breeding, 34, 829-842. 2. Wojdyło A., Oszmiański J., & Laskowski P. (2008). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56, 6520-6530. 3. Menbari A., Bahramnejad B., Abuzaripoor M., Shahmansouri E., & Zarei M. A. (2021). Scientia Horticulturae, 286, 110222. 4. Park D. E., Adhikari D., Pangeni R., Panthi V. K., Kim H. J., & Park J. W. (2018). Cosmetics, 5, 71. 5. Verardo G., Gorassini A., Ricci D., & Fraternale D. (2017). Phytochemical Analysis, 28, 5-15.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
