Investigating Resistance to Carbapenems in Enterobacterales: A Descriptive Epidemiological Study of 2021 Screening in an Italian Teaching Hospital

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) presents a growing threat to global healthcare. This descriptive epidemiological study investigates the prevalence and characteristics of Enterobacterales with AMR factors in a tertiary teaching hospital in Italy over the course of the year 2021. In 2021, the prevalence of colonisation by Enterobacterales with AMR factors in patients was 1.08%. During the observation period, a total of 8834 rectal swabs were performed, with 1453 testing positive. A total of 5639 rectal swabs were performed according to a hospital procedure for the active screening of MDRO colonisation at the time of admission. Of these, 679 were positive for microorganisms under surveillance, and 74 patients were colonised with Enterobacterales, predominantly Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Antibiotic resistance factors were observed in 61 of these 74 patients (82.43%) of these patients, with NDM and KPC being the most frequent resistance factors. A statistically significant trend in positive swabs was observed across different ward categories (surgery, ICUs, and medical wards). Regarding specific trends, the rate of positive admission screening in medical and surgical wards was higher than in ICU wards. The results highlight the ease with which Enterobacterales develops resistance across different ward categories. The findings underscore the need for adjusted screening protocols and tailored infection prevention strategies in various care settings.