From the Grand Duchy to the dawn of the 21st century: Tuscany’s demographic transition

This paper explores the field of geo-demography and population history, with a focus on the case study of Tuscany. The study emphasizes the impor-tance of understanding population changes within specific locations by using a geographical approach. By analyzing population distribution pat-terns, the document explains how spatial frameworks help interpret the sig-nificant features of a territory. The research highlights the unique historical, cultural, and linguistic heritage of Tuscany, emphasizing its distinctiveness as a historical entity. It examines the evolution of population density over time and the societal shifts from rural to urban landscapes, shedding light on the intricate interplay between demographic trends and spatial dynamics. This exploration highlights the crucial role of geography in understanding population history and societal development.