Clay Figurines in Context: Crucibles of Egyptian, Nubian, and Levantine Societies in the Middle Bronze Age (2100–1550 BC) and Beyond

Since prehistory, ancient Egyptians crafted figurines depicting humans, animals, and other subjects. However, scholars have largely overlooked the category of clay figurines, both fired and unfired, due to the perceived lack of value of the material and variable preservation of their organic material composition. Despite this, clay figurines offer a unique glimpse into ancient peoples' ideas, gestures, and attitudes, particularly when shaped by hand. Their prevalence, malleability, and portability make them accessible to people of all economic and social backgrounds. This volume focuses on Egyptian clay figurines from the Bronze Age, ranging from approximately 2100 to 1550 BC, and also includes examples from the neighboring countries of Nubia and the Levant, as they are the most immediate corresponding partners in terms of diffusion and entanglement of material culture. The papers in this volume aim to examine previously under- or unexplored topics relating to clay figurines, such as their archaeological context, manufacturing techniques, technological processes, classification, agency, and social significance. Additionally, two sections of the volume will be dedicated to comparative material from the 4th and 3rd millennium BC and the Late Bronze Age.