Towards rapid integrated data acquisition and management during a volcanic crisis: the 2021 Tajogaite eruption of Cumbre Vieja (La Palma, Canary Islands)

The 2021 eruption of Cumbre Vieja in La Palma (Canary Islands) provided a unique opportunity for the international scientific community to collaborate and provide multidisciplinary data to civil protection authorities during a rapidly evolving volcanic crisis. Here we present data gathered and analysed as a package during the eruption, with a focus on a stratigraphic framework for tephra deposits. This consensus effort across multiple research teams was coordinated by the Instituto Volcanológico de Canarias (INVOLCAN). Teams were deployed strategically to compile comprehensive tephra stratigraphy through field mapping (depending on plume direction records and real-time tephra-fall observations). Tephra production was nearly continuous during the eruption, and the resulting stratigraphic framework, chronology, and distribution form a robust link between temporally resolved observations of eruption style, plume dynamics, changing chemistry of volcanic products, and geophysical records registered during this highly accessible yet destructive eruption. This article is focused on the scientific coordination effort and on the value that collaborative data streams had during the crisis (for the volcano emergency response teams), as well as on the processes that contributed to the creation of these successful and multidisciplinary data sets.