Clear statutes regulations attest to the value that obedience to the superior's order assumes in the military field. Together with the statutory provisions that recall its importance as an essential tool for compliance with the discipline that binds the Armed Forces to ensure their cohesion, we remind the excusing provision of the art. 51 of the Criminal Code which exempts from responsibility the subordinate who commits a criminal act in execution of a legitimate order given by the relevant authority, and the military penal provisions which incriminate the disobedience of the soldier who fails to carry out the order given by his superior. Starting from the mutual coordination of these regulatory provisions, the paper examines the position of the soldier caught between the risk of becoming responsible for the execution of illegal orders and that of being reprimanded for having disobeyed binding orders. Particular importance is given to the investigation into the military's ability to discern the legitimacy of the order and, to this end, the actual weight that - also on the basis of some normative indications - is intended to be given to the mechanisms of education and training of soldiers to translate the rules of service and discipline that guide members of the Armed Forces to carry out their duties.
Chiare indicazioni normative attestano il valore che l’obbedienza all’ordine del superiore assume in ambito militare. Insieme alle disposizioni statutarie che ne richiamano l’importanza quale strumento essenziale di osservanza della disciplina che avvince le Forze Armate per assicurare loro coesione, sovvengono la previsione scriminante dell’art. 51 Cp che esonera da responsabilità il sottoposto che commetta un fatto di reato in esecuzione di un legittimo ordine impartitogli dall’autorità preposta, e le disposizioni penali militari che incriminano la disobbedienza del militare che manchi di eseguire l’ordine intimato dal suo superiore. Muovendo dal reciproco coordinamento di tali previsioni normative, lo scritto esamina la posizione del militare astretto fra il rischio di concorrere in responsabilità per l’esecuzione di ordini illegittimamente emanati e quello di essere rimproverato per avere disobbedito a ordini effettivamente vincolanti. Particolare rilievo assume l’indagine sulla capacità del militare di discernere il tratto di legittimità dell’ordine e, a tal fine, si considera il peso che – anche sulla base di indici normativi esistenti – sono destinati a rivestire i meccanismi di formazione e di addestramento dei militari a tradurre le regole di servizio e disciplina che orientano gli appartenenti alle Forze Armate a espletare le loro mansioni.
Esecuzione dell'ordine militare e disobbedienza responsabile
Domenico Notaro
2025-01-01
Abstract
Clear statutes regulations attest to the value that obedience to the superior's order assumes in the military field. Together with the statutory provisions that recall its importance as an essential tool for compliance with the discipline that binds the Armed Forces to ensure their cohesion, we remind the excusing provision of the art. 51 of the Criminal Code which exempts from responsibility the subordinate who commits a criminal act in execution of a legitimate order given by the relevant authority, and the military penal provisions which incriminate the disobedience of the soldier who fails to carry out the order given by his superior. Starting from the mutual coordination of these regulatory provisions, the paper examines the position of the soldier caught between the risk of becoming responsible for the execution of illegal orders and that of being reprimanded for having disobeyed binding orders. Particular importance is given to the investigation into the military's ability to discern the legitimacy of the order and, to this end, the actual weight that - also on the basis of some normative indications - is intended to be given to the mechanisms of education and training of soldiers to translate the rules of service and discipline that guide members of the Armed Forces to carry out their duties.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.


