Cell Wall-derived Mechanical Signals Control Cell Growth and Division During Root Development

: Organogenesis emerges from the interplay between genetic and physical interactions within a growing cellular system. While numerous studies have explored how genetic and molecular networks regulate cell activity, the impact of physical interactions and the resulting mechanical constraints on organ development remains poorly understood. In this study, we combine extensive genetic analysis, live imaging, and mechanical measurements with spatiotemporal computational modeling to show that, in the Arabidopsis root, changes in the mechanical properties of elongating cell walls influence growth and division rate of neighboring meristematic cells, thereby shaping root development. We propose that the cell wall serves as a crucial source of both autonomous and nonautonomous mechanical signals, providing a compelling example of how mechanical forces contribute to organ growth and development.