Ketoprofen Pharmacokinetics in Goats Following Repeated Treatment Alone or in Combination With Cefquinome

This work was aimed at investigating the pharmacokinetic changes after repeated administration of ketoprofen (3 mg/kg, IM, once a day for 5 days) to goats either alone or in combination with cefquinome (2 mg/kg, IM, once a day for 5 days). The study was carried out on six goats according to a balanced, open, two-phase, cross-pharmacokinetic design. The plasma ketoprofen concentrations were measured using HPLC-UV, and the pharmacokinetic data were estimated using a non-compartmental analysis. After the first dose of ketoprofen, the terminal elimination half-life (t1/2ʎz), area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC0–last), and peak plasma concentration (Cmax) were 1.47 h, 12.23 h*μg/mL, and 6.06 μg/mL, respectively. The last dose of ketoprofen resulted in significant variations in t1/2ʎz and AUC0–last values compared to the first dose, but Cmax was similar. Cefquinome administration caused significant differences in the t1/2ʎz, AUC0–last, and Cmax of ketoprofen. There was no variation in Tmax between the first and final doses or between treatment groups. The accumulation ratio of ketoprofen was 1.32 and 0.76 when used alone and in combination with cefquinome, respectively. Repeated administration of ketoprofen alone or with cefquinome altered its disposition; therefore, the efficacy of ketoprofen when used alone or in combination with cefquinome in goats should be determined, and the dosage regimen should be re-evaluated.