Freedom of expression, historically mediated by the “tribunal of public opinion”, has today been radically transformed by new media and by the power of major digital platforms. Universal suffrage and technological evolution have shifted the center of gravity of political communication: no longer elites to be persuaded, but masses to be steered—often through mechanisms of disinformation and propaganda. Within the digital sphere, “truth” loses its consistency: what matters is traffic, ranking, and the ability to capture attention. Politics becomes marginal compared to the economic interests of platforms (the “unicorns”) that dominate the public space. Pluralism, a cardinal constitutional principle, is guaranteed neither by the market nor by algorithms: what is needed is an “outside-in” model of pluralism, that is, state and supranational intervention introducing quality content, rules of transparency, and an informational tax system. Artificial intelligence marks a new phase: it can reinforce manipulation (deepfakes, microtargeting, surveillance), but it may also serve as an ally of humankind in a cognitive symbiosis that expands democratic participation. The challenge is to prevent AI from becoming a monopoly or a mere instrument of propaganda, and instead to treat it as a communicative actor subject to rules of pluralism. Looking ahead, paid and free forms of AI might coexist, but the state should guarantee universal access to knowledge; otherwise, democracy risks being reduced to a commodity.In conclusion, democracy must reinvent its relationship with the marketplace of ideas in the era of human–machine symbiosis, fostering an active pluralism and ensuring that the knowledge generated by AI becomes a shared patrimony rather than an oligarchic tool.
La libertà di manifestazione del pensiero, storicamente mediata dal “tribunale dell’opinione pubblica”, è oggi radicalmente trasformata dai nuovi media e dal potere delle grandi piattaforme digitali. Il suffragio universale e l’evoluzione tecnologica hanno spostato il baricentro della comunicazione politica: non più élite da convincere, ma masse da orientare, spesso tramite meccanismi di disinformazione e propaganda. Nella rete la “verità” perde consistenza: ciò che conta è il traffico, il ranking, la capacità di generare attenzione. La politica diventa marginale rispetto agli interessi economici delle piattaforme (gli “unicorni”), che dominano lo spazio pubblico. Il pluralismo, principio costituzionale cardine, non è garantito né dal mercato né dagli algoritmi: occorre un modello di pluralismo “outside-in”, cioè un intervento statale e sovranazionale che introduca contenuti di qualità, regole di trasparenza e fiscalità informazionale. L’intelligenza artificiale segna una nuova fase: può rafforzare la manipolazione (deepfake, microtargeting, sorveglianza), ma anche costituire un alleato dell’uomo in una simbiosi conoscitiva che amplia la partecipazione democratica. La sfida è evitare che l’IA diventi un monopolio o uno strumento di pura propaganda, trattandola invece come operatore di comunicazione soggetto a regole di pluralismo. In prospettiva, l’IA a pagamento e quella gratuita potrebbero coesistere, ma lo Stato dovrebbe assicurare un accesso universale alla conoscenza, altrimenti la democrazia rischia di ridursi a merce. In conclusione: la democrazia deve reinventare il proprio rapporto con il mercato delle idee nell’era della simbiosi uomo-macchina, promuovendo un pluralismo attivo e garantendo che la conoscenza prodotta dall’IA diventi patrimonio condiviso e non strumento oligarchico.
Il condizionamento dell’opinione pubblica in campo politico ed economico (relazione AIC)
Gian Luca ContiPrimo
Writing – Original Draft Preparation
2025-01-01
Abstract
Freedom of expression, historically mediated by the “tribunal of public opinion”, has today been radically transformed by new media and by the power of major digital platforms. Universal suffrage and technological evolution have shifted the center of gravity of political communication: no longer elites to be persuaded, but masses to be steered—often through mechanisms of disinformation and propaganda. Within the digital sphere, “truth” loses its consistency: what matters is traffic, ranking, and the ability to capture attention. Politics becomes marginal compared to the economic interests of platforms (the “unicorns”) that dominate the public space. Pluralism, a cardinal constitutional principle, is guaranteed neither by the market nor by algorithms: what is needed is an “outside-in” model of pluralism, that is, state and supranational intervention introducing quality content, rules of transparency, and an informational tax system. Artificial intelligence marks a new phase: it can reinforce manipulation (deepfakes, microtargeting, surveillance), but it may also serve as an ally of humankind in a cognitive symbiosis that expands democratic participation. The challenge is to prevent AI from becoming a monopoly or a mere instrument of propaganda, and instead to treat it as a communicative actor subject to rules of pluralism. Looking ahead, paid and free forms of AI might coexist, but the state should guarantee universal access to knowledge; otherwise, democracy risks being reduced to a commodity.In conclusion, democracy must reinvent its relationship with the marketplace of ideas in the era of human–machine symbiosis, fostering an active pluralism and ensuring that the knowledge generated by AI becomes a shared patrimony rather than an oligarchic tool.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.


