Estimation of the increase in sleep disturbance caused by distressed urban road surfaces

Night road traffic noise is the most extensive transportation source impacting people living in urban areas, especially those with commercial or tourist ports. European countries must assess residents exposed to high noise levels through noise mapping. However, the accuracy of this assessment depends on road emission, which is influenced by traffic composition and speed as well as road maintenance and surface pavement design. The CNOSSOS-EU method provides different pavement types. Nevertheless, its database does not consider surfaces with distresses. Consequently, in some urban areas, the number of exposed people could be higher. In this work, part of the SALPIAM project and PASSAGE project, we develop a method to classify pavements in function of road surface distresses and estimate the corresponding tyre rolling noise correction emission coefficients. Our approach involved modifying the pavement type in a case study in Piombino (Italy), using a comprehensive open-source pipeline with microscopic traffic simulations and noise modelling, based on CPX measurements. The percentage of highly sleep disturbance (HSD) has been used as an indicator of the negative impact of road surface deterioration on people's health.