French Bulldogs are one of the most popular companion dog breeds worldwide, yet breed-specific behavioral data remain limited. This study aimed to characterize the behavioral profile of French Bulldogs in Italy using the Canine Behavioral Assessment and Research Questionnaire (C-BARQ) and to explore the relationships among sex, neuter status, coat color, and behavioral traits. An online survey was completed by 206 owners of French Bulldogs aged one year or older residing in Italy. Behavioral items were analyzed using ordinal logistic regression with sex, neuter status, and coat color as simultaneous predictors. French Bulldogs showed low aggression and fear-related behaviors, high attachment and attention-seeking tendencies, and moderate excitability and trainability. Sex was the most consistently associated predictor (17 items), with females showing lower odds for sexually dimorphic, fear-related, excitability, and separation-related behaviors. Neuter status showed limited, behavior-specific associations (4 items) involving leash-pulling, separation-related behaviors, and play-related excitability. Coat color was associated with ten behavioral items, including coprophagia, food stealing, hyperactivity, and submissive urination. Most pseudo-R2 values were low (range: 0.009–0.059), reflecting the multifactorial nature of canine behavior. These findings offer a preliminary behavioral characterization of French Bulldogs in Italy and suggest that sex, neuter status, and coat color represent relevant sources of within-breed variation, warranting further research.
Behavioral Characteristics of French Bulldogs in Italy: A Pilot Study Using the C-BARQ Questionnaire
Valentina GazzanoPrimo
;Cristina CurreliSecondo
;Maria Claudia Curadi
;Francesca Cecchi;Paolo Baragli;Angelo GazzanoPenultimo
;Asahi OgiUltimo
2026-01-01
Abstract
French Bulldogs are one of the most popular companion dog breeds worldwide, yet breed-specific behavioral data remain limited. This study aimed to characterize the behavioral profile of French Bulldogs in Italy using the Canine Behavioral Assessment and Research Questionnaire (C-BARQ) and to explore the relationships among sex, neuter status, coat color, and behavioral traits. An online survey was completed by 206 owners of French Bulldogs aged one year or older residing in Italy. Behavioral items were analyzed using ordinal logistic regression with sex, neuter status, and coat color as simultaneous predictors. French Bulldogs showed low aggression and fear-related behaviors, high attachment and attention-seeking tendencies, and moderate excitability and trainability. Sex was the most consistently associated predictor (17 items), with females showing lower odds for sexually dimorphic, fear-related, excitability, and separation-related behaviors. Neuter status showed limited, behavior-specific associations (4 items) involving leash-pulling, separation-related behaviors, and play-related excitability. Coat color was associated with ten behavioral items, including coprophagia, food stealing, hyperactivity, and submissive urination. Most pseudo-R2 values were low (range: 0.009–0.059), reflecting the multifactorial nature of canine behavior. These findings offer a preliminary behavioral characterization of French Bulldogs in Italy and suggest that sex, neuter status, and coat color represent relevant sources of within-breed variation, warranting further research.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
