Integrating Geomatics and BIM in Archaeological Documentation: a 3D Reconstruction Workflow for the Royal Court of S. Quirico, Montelupo Fiorentino

3D modeling has become a central element of archaeological documentation and analysis 1. Over the past decade, 3D data acquisition, modeling, and management have transformed how archaeological sites are surveyed, analyzed, and interpreted. Yet, despite these advancements, challenges remain in integrating different digital workflows into a coherent and scientifically transparent framework, particularly in visualizing uncertainty associated with interpretive decisions (Demetrescu et al. 2021). A paradata documentation methodology can address this by standardizing the recording of process metadata, enabling layered visualization of reliability in 3D models through color gradients and annotations that distinguish between observed data and hypothetical reconstructions (Caliò, Hermon 2021). Work at the Royal Court of S. Quirico, Montelupo excavation site has inspired the development of a methodology that connects stratigraphic interpretation, Building Information Modeling (BIM), and 3D data management into a unified process. At the Royal Court of S. Quirico archaeological site, advanced geomatic techniques were employed to ensure highquality data acquisition and integration, with the goal of establishing a consistent geospatial framework capable of merging multi-source data into a single three-dimensional environment for detailed stratigraphic interpretation. Two field campaigns were carried out, the first in September 2024 and the second in June 2025, both applying the same integrated methodology.