The paper offers some reflections aimed at tackling the following question: to what extent, in Roman legal experience, was the testator free to transpose his will in his testament? The issue is addressed from the perspective of identifying those features of Roman testamentary law that could influence or constrain the testator’s will, preventing it from freely and directly translating into a legal norm. A brief examination of selected Roman legislative and juristic sources highlights the main limits imposed on the testator by the Roman legal system, showing how the mechanism of testamentary normativity was the result of a dialectic between public and private law. This interaction took different forms over the course of the historical development of Roman law, yet retained until the end an underlying public dimension that is often overlooked. This aspect is of particular relevance for modern legal scholars, who, when drawing on Savigny’s doctrine of the juristic act (Rechtsgeschäft), should critically and consciously recalibrate the relationship between private will (Wille) and legal system (Rechtsordnung).
Il contributo contiene alcune riflessioni finalizzate a fornire una prima risposta al seguente interrogativo: in che misura, nell’esperienza giuridica romana, il testatore era libero di portare a effetto la propria volontà di disporre dei propri diritti per il tempo della sua morte? Il tema è affrontato nella prospettiva di verificare quali caratteri della disciplina romana del testamento potessero influenzare o costringere la volontà del testatore, impedendole di tradursi in norma in modo libero e diretto. Una rapida disamina di alcune fonti legislative e giurisprudenziali romane mostra i principali limiti imposti al testatore dall’ordinamento giuridico romano, evidenziando come il dispositivo della normatività testamentaria sia espressione di una dialettica tra diritto pubblico e diritto privato, che si atteggia in modo diverso nel corso dell’evoluzione storica del diritto romano, mantenendo fino alla fine una spesso ignorata impronta pubblicistica di fondo. Tale elemento assume particolare rilievo per lo studioso odierno, che nel rifarsi alla dottrina savigniana del negozio giuridico va invitato a ricalibrare in modo critico e consapevole il rapporto tra volontà privata (Wille) e ordinamento giuridico (Rechtsordnung).
'Voluntas’ testamentaria, formalismo, segretezza e normatività
Pedone, M
2026-01-01
Abstract
The paper offers some reflections aimed at tackling the following question: to what extent, in Roman legal experience, was the testator free to transpose his will in his testament? The issue is addressed from the perspective of identifying those features of Roman testamentary law that could influence or constrain the testator’s will, preventing it from freely and directly translating into a legal norm. A brief examination of selected Roman legislative and juristic sources highlights the main limits imposed on the testator by the Roman legal system, showing how the mechanism of testamentary normativity was the result of a dialectic between public and private law. This interaction took different forms over the course of the historical development of Roman law, yet retained until the end an underlying public dimension that is often overlooked. This aspect is of particular relevance for modern legal scholars, who, when drawing on Savigny’s doctrine of the juristic act (Rechtsgeschäft), should critically and consciously recalibrate the relationship between private will (Wille) and legal system (Rechtsordnung).I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.


