Time-dependent Monte Carlo modeling of fluorescent optical antennas for optical wireless communication

We introduce a time-resolved Monte Carlo simulation framework for designing fluorescent concentrators (FCs) as optical antennas (OAs) in optical wireless communication (OWC). Unlike traditional analytical models, it captures both collection efficiency and temporal response, enabling optimization of dye concentration and geometry. The model is validated against experimental data obtained for two sets of OAs based on Lumogen Red 305 (LR305) and DQ1 dyes over a wide range of fluorophore concentrations, and it consistently reproduces the measured behavior by explicitly accounting for the interplay between key FC parameters, including fluorescence lifetime, quantum yield, absorption and emission spectra, and reabsorption dynamics. This approach not only provides an accurate characterization of FC performance for OWC but also represents a powerful tool for tailoring FCs to specific OWC applications.