Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile in Focus: In Vitro and In Vivo Evidence for Biomedical Potential

Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile, an endemic seagrass of the Mediterranean Sea, has been increasingly recognized not only for its ecological significance but also for its potential as a source of bioactive compounds in human health. Over the past decade, scientific studies have identified diverse constituents of P. oceanica, including polyphenols, peptides, and polysaccharides, which exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and metabolic regulatory activities. Evidence from in vitro and in vivo models demonstrates its ability to influence key cellular processes such as apoptosis, autophagy, and enzyme inhibition, suggesting therapeutic promise in cancer, skin aging, inflammatory conditions, and metabolic disorders like type 2 diabetes. Recent advances in delivery technologies, such as nanoparticles, micelles, and liposomes, have improved the stability and bioavailability of P. oceanica extracts, enhancing their potential application in pharmaceuticals and cosmeceuticals. Additionally, its antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties suggest applications in food preservation and infection control. By bridging traditional uses with modern scientific validation, P. oceanica exemplifies the emerging potential of marine phytotherapy. As interest grows in nature-derived therapeutics, further research is essential to translate these preclinical findings into clinical applications while ensuring sustainable management and the conservation of this valuable marine resource.