Surface characterisation techniques in the study and conservation of art and archaeological artefacts: a review

Key issues related to surfaces and materials in the study and conservation of archaeological, artistic and historical objects are presented and illustrated with case studies. The materials cover a relatively broad chronological and compositional range. An important objective of the review is to inform the materials science and engineering community of the problems and needs of conservators, archaeologists, conservation specialists, art historians, archaeometrists and researchers in the field of ancient materials. In this way, improved technical information on methods designed to identify surface treatments and surface finishes, development of a common language among humanities and scientific researchers, and awareness of new applications appropriate in archaeometric studies can be promoted.