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The English verb see is one of the most general in the conceptual domain of vision, namely it allows a great deal of co-textual and contextual modulation and can foreground various conceptual dimensions, and correlated meanings, presupposed by the domain. The work analyses some of the most relevant factors responsible for the modulation of the meaning of this verb and the corresponding variation of translations into Italian. Relevant data were mainly gathered from the British National Corpus (through the sketch-engine, <http://www.sketchengine.uk.com>). The data discussed here are part of a prototype for a lexicographic file for the verb see as developed at Pisa University within a research project on lexical complexity. The lexicographic file is a prototype for a multilingual dictionary in electronic format, which might become a useful tool in translation. The innovativeness of the file rests on the attempt to overcome the limits of traditional dictionaries (e.g. circularity) by developing a lexicographic instrument which, ideally, can account for word meanings in a way close to the hypothetical representations in our minds. Rather than having an alphabetical organisation, word meaning representation has an encyclopaedic scope and follows a criterion of lexical complexity based on the theory of complex dynamic systems (cf. Bertuccelli Papi and Lenci, 2007). My work has the general goal of providing parameters (cf. conceptual dimensions) for measuring the complexity of the lexical item at issue so as to account for meaning variation as systematically as possible. Moreover, the specific claim I make is that, whenever involved, encyclopaedic knowledge can indeed be viewed as a complexity factor in the modulation of the meaning of the verb. The key question leading my research has thus been ‘which factors are responsible for the emergence of a given meaning of the verb?’ Indeed, the work shows the dependence of different emergent meanings on the following:
- co-textual factors such as different kinds of lexicalisation of subjects and objects, and the presence of adverb/ials of space and time,
- the temporal-aspectual morphology of the verb, cf. tense and -ing form,
- inferential extensions of various types via recourse to relevant sections of encyclopaedic knowledge. A progression is then proposed, starting from the more basic meanings of the verb (cf. the dimension of Perception and Cognition) to more and more ‘distant’ meaning dimensions (viz. Experiential, Action, Action + Affect). The latter are selected via inferential work and correlated metaphorical and metonymical extensions hinging upon varying sections of encyclopaedic knowledge, and tend to correspond to less predictable translations into Italian. Of course, the selection of examples in the file does not exhaust the meaning multidimensionality allowed by see but is especially designed to illustrate the rationale behind our proposal. In fact, research on other relevant factors of variation in more extended contexts is needed. Nevertheless, the proposal appears to provide promising guidelines for investigating the syntax-pragmatics interface of lexical items.
The lexicon-encyclopaedia interface as a measure of meaning complexity
The English verb see is one of the most general in the conceptual domain of vision, namely it allows a great deal of co-textual and contextual modulation and can foreground various conceptual dimensions, and correlated meanings, presupposed by the domain. The work analyses some of the most relevant factors responsible for the modulation of the meaning of this verb and the corresponding variation of translations into Italian. Relevant data were mainly gathered from the British National Corpus (through the sketch-engine, ). The data discussed here are part of a prototype for a lexicographic file for the verb see as developed at Pisa University within a research project on lexical complexity. The lexicographic file is a prototype for a multilingual dictionary in electronic format, which might become a useful tool in translation. The innovativeness of the file rests on the attempt to overcome the limits of traditional dictionaries (e.g. circularity) by developing a lexicographic instrument which, ideally, can account for word meanings in a way close to the hypothetical representations in our minds. Rather than having an alphabetical organisation, word meaning representation has an encyclopaedic scope and follows a criterion of lexical complexity based on the theory of complex dynamic systems (cf. Bertuccelli Papi and Lenci, 2007). My work has the general goal of providing parameters (cf. conceptual dimensions) for measuring the complexity of the lexical item at issue so as to account for meaning variation as systematically as possible. Moreover, the specific claim I make is that, whenever involved, encyclopaedic knowledge can indeed be viewed as a complexity factor in the modulation of the meaning of the verb. The key question leading my research has thus been ‘which factors are responsible for the emergence of a given meaning of the verb?’ Indeed, the work shows the dependence of different emergent meanings on the following:
- co-textual factors such as different kinds of lexicalisation of subjects and objects, and the presence of adverb/ials of space and time,
- the temporal-aspectual morphology of the verb, cf. tense and -ing form,
- inferential extensions of various types via recourse to relevant sections of encyclopaedic knowledge. A progression is then proposed, starting from the more basic meanings of the verb (cf. the dimension of Perception and Cognition) to more and more ‘distant’ meaning dimensions (viz. Experiential, Action, Action + Affect). The latter are selected via inferential work and correlated metaphorical and metonymical extensions hinging upon varying sections of encyclopaedic knowledge, and tend to correspond to less predictable translations into Italian. Of course, the selection of examples in the file does not exhaust the meaning multidimensionality allowed by see but is especially designed to illustrate the rationale behind our proposal. In fact, research on other relevant factors of variation in more extended contexts is needed. Nevertheless, the proposal appears to provide promising guidelines for investigating the syntax-pragmatics interface of lexical items.
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11568/142115
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simulazione ASN
Il report seguente simula gli indicatori relativi alla propria produzione scientifica in relazione alle soglie ASN 2023-2025 del proprio SC/SSD. Si ricorda che il superamento dei valori soglia (almeno 2 su 3) è requisito necessario ma non sufficiente al conseguimento dell'abilitazione. La simulazione si basa sui dati IRIS e sugli indicatori bibliometrici alla data indicata e non tiene conto di eventuali periodi di congedo obbligatorio, che in sede di domanda ASN danno diritto a incrementi percentuali dei valori. La simulazione può differire dall'esito di un’eventuale domanda ASN sia per errori di catalogazione e/o dati mancanti in IRIS, sia per la variabilità dei dati bibliometrici nel tempo. Si consideri che Anvur calcola i valori degli indicatori all'ultima data utile per la presentazione delle domande.
La presente simulazione è stata realizzata sulla base delle specifiche raccolte sul tavolo ER del Focus Group IRIS coordinato dall’Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia e delle regole riportate nel DM 589/2018 e allegata Tabella A. Cineca, l’Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia e il Focus Group IRIS non si assumono alcuna responsabilità in merito all’uso che il diretto interessato o terzi faranno della simulazione. Si specifica inoltre che la simulazione contiene calcoli effettuati con dati e algoritmi di pubblico dominio e deve quindi essere considerata come un mero ausilio al calcolo svolgibile manualmente o con strumenti equivalenti.