Kant's Defense of a World Republic between 1793 and 1795

In their considerations of Kant’s cosmopolitan theory, readers have tended to focus on his skepticism with regard to a supranational model of global order. Thus, they have harshly criticized interpretations of the concept of cosmopolitan right as the right of a world state. 
Reaffirming the fidelity of Kant’s political philosophy to the idea of a world state, this paper offers a re-reading of Kantian cosmopolitanism on the basis of a normative conception of right and 
politics. Emerging as a crucial aspect of his political thought between 1793 and 1795, such a normative groundwork of cosmopolitanism is in line with the moral theory of right that Kant sketched out in his later political writings. The normativity of right illuminates the idea for a world republic (Weltrepublik) outlined in 'Toward Perpetual Peace', which presents an alternative version of federalism, a solution which normative standards of pure reason identifies as unconditionally constraining for states and peoples.