Three-dimensional coarse large-eddy simulations of the flow above two-dimensional sinusoidal waves

Large-eddy simulations (LES) of the flow over two-dimensional sinusoidal waves with a very low grid resolution are presented. A dynamic two-parameter subgrid scale (SGS) model is employed. A configuration characterized by a wave length of 0.6096 mi a maximum slope of 0.497, and a bulk velocity of 10 m s(-1) is initially considered. Comparisons with experimental data, and with the results of a previous LES ms show that. in spite of the very low grid resolution, the mean flow and both the viscous and the pressure drag forces are well predicted. Some details of the flow, such as the presence of a secondary flow, are also captured. Thus, additional LES are carried out to investigate the effect of the Reynolds number (Re), and of the wave amplitude. In particular, the dependence of viscous and pressure drag on these parameters is studied and compared with the results of similar analyses in the literature.