Family history of hypertension, anthropometric parameters and markers of early atherosclerosis in young healthy individuals

The predisposition to thrombogenesis is increased in essential hypertension, and hypertensive patients are prone to develop more vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. To evaluate the possible influence of family history of hypertension on some indicators of early atherosclerosis, we studied eighty-five healthy normotensive individuals with (FH+) or without (FH-) family history of essential hypertension by measuring metabolic profile and concentrations of P-selectin, interleukin 6 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1. In a subset of individuals, MMP-9 activity was assessed in monocytes by zymography, and TIMP-1 expression by western blot. As compared with FH- individuals, FH+ individuals had significantly higher P-selectin but similar interleukin-6 levels. Although no difference was observed in MMP-2 levels between the two groups, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were higher in FH+ individuals, who also had higher intracellular MMP-9 levels and TIMP-1 protein expression. P-selectin (r=-0.32; P<0.01), MMP-9 (r=-0.37; P<0.001) and TIMP-1 (r=-0.23; P<0.05) levels were inversely related to high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. P-selectin was also directly related to serum triglycerides (r=0.30; P<0.01). We conclude that a positive family history of hypertension is associated with an initial increase in markers of inflammation and plaque instability in otherwise healthy young normotensive individuals, likely conveying a predisposition to develop early atherothrombosis.